ion channel

1 زیست شناسی:: کانال یونی

This discovery made it possible to record the currents of single ion channels for the first time, proving their involvement in fundamental cell processes such as action potential conduction in nerve cell's axons. Various classes of specific ion channels or non-specific pores used by ion flows temporarily appearing inside membranes will be explained here. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 Structure of Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1 The Membrane as a Barrier and a Transporter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2 Membrane Constituents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3 Characteristics of Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3.1 Physical Characteristics of Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3.2 Biochemical Characteristics of Membranes . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.3 Electrical Characteristics of Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.4 Excitability and the State of the Membrane Potential . . . 21 2.3.5 The FitzHugh-Nagumo Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3 Lipids in Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.1 Geometry and Nature of Lipids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.2 Various Lipid Phases in Membranes: Lamellar and Non-Lamellar Phase Propensities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.3 Lipid-Specific Phase Diagram: A Thermotropic Perspective . . . . 38 3.4 Modulation of the Phase Properties of Lipids by Antimicrobial Peptides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4 The Membrane as a Transporter, Ion Channels and Membrane Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.1 Protein-Lined Ion Channels in Lipid Membranes. . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.1.1 Gramicidin A Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.1.2 Alamethicin Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.2 Lipid-Lined Ion Channels in Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 by Ion Channels or Other Conductance Events 60

واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران